The different components that are separated out during this process are known as fractions. This is the first step in the processing of crude oil, and it is considered to be the main separation process as it performs the initial rough separation of the different fuels. Note that the temperature is higher at the bottom, so the longer carbon chains will fall out at the bottom, the shorter carbon chains will go up the column until they hit a temperature at which they become liquid.įractional distillation is the process by which oil refineries separate crude oil into different, more useful hydrocarbon products based on their relative molecular weights in a distillation tower. Diagram of a fractional distillation tower, showing where the different fractions will condense.
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